Alzheimer’s disease(AD)是最常見的癡呆症，截至2018年，全球約有 5000 萬人受到此疾病影響，並到預測2050年會高達 1.52 億人，其特徵為澱粉樣蛋白斑塊和神經纖維糾結分別在神經元外部以及內部的積累。
Abcam能提供眾多熱門阿茲海默症疾病研究工具，透過更深入了解AD生理病理，可輕鬆選擇所需要的抗體、試劑盒等其他工具。
阿茲海默症疾病傳遞路徑
阿茲海默症生物標記
可以利用血液分析或是檢測可以自由穿過血腦屏障的生物標記來了解AD的病況，一般AD可用的生物標記包含：生長因子(BDNF, NGF, VEGF)、神經微膠細胞發炎生物標記(YKL40)、星狀膠質細胞損傷標記物(GFAP)、以及最常見的的經典標記物amyloid 、tau。
Beta-amyloid and Tau
Beta-amyloid和 Tau 蛋白是AD最為重要的研究標的。
Beta-amyloid
Amyloid beta (Aβ或Abeta)是由amyloid precursor protein (APP)被 β- and γ-secretases裂解後所形成的蛋白胜肽，被公認為參與AD的發病機制。而大腦內的Beta-amyloid plaques (細胞外蛋白質沉積物)為AD的主要生物標記。這些斑塊是由單一 Aβ 自動組裝成可溶的 Aβ oligomers，當oligomers聚集在一起時就會形成不可溶的纖維。
大多 Aβ peptides的長度為約為40 個殘基 (Aβ 1–40)，少數含有 42 個殘基 (Aβ 1–42)。其中Aβ 1-42 有多兩個氨基酸而更容易造成折疊錯誤並聚集，因此也被認為更具有神經毒性。此外有研究指出在血漿 Aβ 1-42的含量提高與AD有相關。
Tau
Tau 蛋白是神經纖維纏結的主要成分，也是一系列神經退化性疾病包含AD的生物標記。根據異構體，其分子量範圍為 55 kDa-62 kDa。在正常情況下，Tau 蛋白會與tubulin相互作用以穩定微管的組裝。
Tau蛋白研究主要圍繞在蛋白質的異常磷酸化，進而導致paired-helical-filaments (PHFs)和neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)的形成，最後會使細胞內閉塞，導致神經元功能障礙，並最終導致認知能力下降。此外也有研究指出，在AD 的 PHF 中，所有六種 tau 異構體通常都處於過度磷酸化狀態。
AD訊號路徑標的相關產品
Tau
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Anti-Tau antibody [E178] |
ab32057 |
|
KO cell line |
Human MAPT knockout U-87 MG cell line |
ab269490 |
|
Protein |
Recombinant human Tau protein (Active) |
ab246006 |
|
Biochemical |
SU4312, VEGFR and PDGFR receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
ab141577 |
|
ELISA |
Human Tau ELISA Kit |
ab273617 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-Tau antibody [EP2456Y] |
ab206060 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-Tau antibody [EP2456Y] |
ab206061 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 555 Anti-Tau antibody [EP2456Y] |
ab215290 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant PE Anti-Tau antibody[EP2456Y] |
ab210985 |
P-Tau
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Anti-Tau (phospho T217) antibody [EPR24654-24] |
ab288160 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Anti-Tau (phospho T217) antibody [EPR24654-24] – BSA and Azide free |
ab288167 |
|
KO cell line |
Human FUS (TLS) knockout HEK293T cell line |
ab266587 |
Neurofibrillary tangles
|
Antibody |
Anti-Tau Alzheimer’s Disease antibody [GT-38] – Conformation-Specific |
ab246808 |
|
Biochemical |
Congo Red, Amyloid fibril-binding dye |
ab145645 |
|
ELISA |
Cleaved Tau ELISA Kit (Human Asp738/Mouse Asp713) |
ab269557 |
TREM2
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Anti-TREM2 antibody [EPR20243] |
ab209814 |
|
KO cell line |
Human TREM2 knockout THP-1 cell line (ab269489) |
ab269489 |
|
Protein |
Recombinant Human TREM2 protein |
ab153366 |
|
ELISA |
Human TREM2 ELISA Kit |
ab224881 |
Apo-E
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Anti-Apolipoprotein E antibody [EP1374Y] |
ab52607 |
|
Biochemical |
COG 133, apolipoprotein peptide fragment |
ab269699 |
|
ELISA |
Human Apo E ELISA Kit |
ab233623 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-Apolipoprotein E antibody [EP1374Y] |
ab196194 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant HRP Anti-Apolipoprotein E antibody [EP1374Y] |
ab195855 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-Apolipoprotein E antibody [EP1374Y] |
ab196463 |
APP
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Anti-Amyloid Precursor Protein antibody [Y188] |
ab32136 |
|
KO cell line |
Human APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein) knockout HEK293T cell line |
ab255362 |
|
KO lysate |
Human APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein) knockout HEK293T cell lysate |
ab263777 |
|
Protein |
Recombinant Human Apolipoprotein E4 |
ab50243 |
|
Biochemical |
Methoxy-X04, amyloid beta fluorescent marker |
ab142818 |
|
ELISA |
Human Amyloid Precursor Protein ELISA Kit |
ab216944 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant HRP Anti-Amyloid Precursor Protein antibody [Y188] |
ab199550 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant PE Anti-Amyloid Precursor Protein antibody [Y188] |
ab208744 |
Ab40/42
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Anti-beta Amyloid 1-42 antibody [mOC98] – Conformation-Specific |
ab201061 |
|
Protein |
Recombinant Human beta Amyloid 1-42 protein |
ab82795 |
|
Biochemical |
beta-Amyloid Peptide (1-42) (human) |
ab120301 |
|
ELISA |
Human Complement C5a ELISA Kit |
ab193695 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-beta Amyloid 1-42 antibody [mOC64] |
ab224025 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-beta Amyloid 1-42 antibody [mOC64] |
ab224026 |
Amyloid plaque
|
Biochemical |
MCAAD-3, Near-infrared probe for imaging of amyloid plaques |
ab216983 |
b-secretase
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Anti-BACE1 antibody [EPR19523] |
ab183612 |
|
ELISA |
Human BACE-1 ELISA Kit |
ab267637 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-BACE1 antibody [EPR19523] |
ab225307 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-BACE1 antibody [EPR19523] |
ab225308 |
PS-1
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Anti-Presenilin 1/PS-1 antibody [EP2000Y] |
ab76083 |
|
Protein |
Recombinant Human Presenilin 1/PS-1 protein |
ab114286 |
|
Biochemical |
Compound E, gamma;-secretase inhibitor |
ab142164 |
|
ELISA |
Human Presenilin 1 ELISA Kit |
ab267605
|
CD147
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Anti-CD147 antibody [EPR4053] |
ab108308 |
|
KO cell line |
Human CD147 knockout U-87 MG cell line |
ab280761 |
|
Protein |
Recombinant Human CD147 protein |
ab151844 |
|
ELISA |
Human EMMPRIN ELISA Kit |
ab219631 |
|
ELISA |
Mouse EMMPRIN ELISA Kit (CD147) |
ab205575 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-CD147 antibody [EPR4053] |
ab205450 |
GSK-3
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Anti-GSK3 beta antibody [Y174] |
ab32391 |
|
Protein |
Recombinant human GSK3 beta protein (Tagged) |
ab271802 |
|
Biochemical |
CHIR99021, GSK3 inhibitor |
ab120890 |
|
ELISA |
Mouse GSK3 beta Antibody Pair – BSA and Azide free |
ab243994 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-GSK3 alpha antibody [EP793Y] |
ab224964 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-GSK3 alpha antibody [EP793Y] |
ab196910 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant HRP Anti-GSK3 beta antibody [Y174] |
ab196911 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-GSK3 beta antibody [Y174] |
ab197236 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-GSK3 beta antibody [Y174] |
ab201737 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant Alexa Fluor® 555 Anti-GSK3 beta antibody [Y174] |
ab201738 |
|
Antibody |
Recombinant PE Anti-GSK3 beta antibody [Y174] |
ab210619 |
