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What are Co-solvents?
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Currently, over 70% of drugs are screened for poor aqueous solubility, which can result in low oral bioavailability, low half-life, poor tissue distribution, fast pre-systemic metabolism, high dosages, potential toxicity and difficulties in formulation[1][2]. Therefore, in the process of drug development and use, increasing drug solubility is the key to the effective action of drugs.
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Co-solvents are a substance incorporated during the dissolution process that can improve the solubility of drugs. They are usually low molecular weight compounds. Their mechanism of action typically involves the formation of water-soluble complexes, or double salts between drugs and small molecule substances. Common co-solvents include oils, cyclodextrins, solvents, multi-component compounds, polymers, etc.
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How to Choose your Co-Solvent?
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Consulting and referencing literature for dissolution solutions can assist with selecting the correct co-solvent for your drug. MedChemExpress provides a selection of co-solvents, in which we can suggest the appropriate substance for your molecule:
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Drugs with lipidsolubility may require lipid co-solvents for improved solubility, such as: lipid co-solvents (e.g. Corn oil); Cyclodextrins (e.g. SBE-β-CD). They can also be used for various administration routes, such as intraperitoneal, intragastric, and intravenous (clear) administration;
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CMC-Na can be used for intraperitoneal and gastric lavage; Lipids (e.g. Corn oil) are commonly used for intraperitoneal and gavage administration due to their relative viscosity and suitability for shorter dosing cycles;
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PEG300 has the advantages of low immunogenicity and low viscosity, commonly used for intraperitoneal administration;
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Mixing surfactants and other co solvents can be used for Intraperitoneal injection or oral administration;
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Phosal 50 PG can be used for oral administration.
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Figure 1. Conventional methods for solubility enhancement[3].
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Advantages of MedChemExpress’s Co-solvent
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• Provide a full range of co-solvent,100+ in total
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• Through endotoxin testing, suitable for in vivo experiments
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• Detailed dissolution plan
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• Comprehensive QC system
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MedChemExpress Products
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Drug Name
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Description
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SBE-β-CD
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A sulfobutylether β-cyclodextrin derivative used as an excipient or a formulating agent to increase the solubility of poorly soluble agents.
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DMSO
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An aprotic solvent that dissolves polar and non-polar compounds.
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PEG300
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A water-soluble, low immunogenic and biocompatible polymer formed by repeating units of ethylene glycol.
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Corn Oil
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Extracted from the germ of corn, can be used as a carrier for agent molecules.
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Phosal 50 PG
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A co-solvent (standardised phosphatidylcholine concentrate).
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Tween 20
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A surfactant reduce bacterial attachment and inhibit biofilm formation.
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Methyl-β-cyclodextrin
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A cyclic heptasaccharide used to deliver hydrophobic agents based on its property of solubilizing non-polar substances.
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Poloxamer 407 (F127)
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It is a nonionic surfactant that is relatively non-toxic to cells at low concentrations.
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Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na)
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A co-solvent that can be used as viscous agent, paste and barrier agent.
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References:
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[1] SNCHES B M A, et al. Int J Pharm, 2019, 568: 118498.
[2] GOKE K, et al. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2018, 126: 40-56.
[3] Kumari L, et al. Life (Basel). 2023;13(5):1099.
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Products are for research use only and are not intended for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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