Anti-Cardiolipin IgG

Brand

IDS

Description

The first study on the anti-phospholipid antibodies began in
1906 when Wasserman introduced a serological test for
syphilis. In 1942 it was discovered that the active
component is a phospholipid called Cardiolipina. In the
1950’s it was observed that a large number of people
appeared to be positive for syphilis tests but did not show
any evidence of disease. Initially the phenomenon was
classified as a series of false positive syphilis tests, before
a more accurate analysis revealed, for this group of
patients, a high prevalence of autoimmune disorders
including SLE and Sjögrens syndrome.
The term lupus anticoagulant (LA), used for the first time in
1972, derives from experimental observations in which an
increased risk of thrombosis was observed, paradoxically,
with the presence of some anticoagulants factors; the term
LA is not totally correct, in fact the disease is present more
frequently in patients without lupus and it is associated with
thrombosis rather than to abnormal bleeding.
Some years later the role of a cofactor was investigated,
the β2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H) also called β2GPI,
and its interactions with anionic phospholipids in human
serum / plasma. This cofactor is a β-globulin with a
molecular weight of 50 kDa that has a concentration of 200
μg / mL in plasma. The β2GPI is involved in the regulation
of blood coagulation, inhibiting the intrinsic way. β2GPI in
vivo is associated with negatively charged substances
such as anionic phospholipids, heparin and lipoproteins.
The region that binds phospholipids is in its fifth domain.
The acronym aPL (anti-phospholipid antibodies) indicates
improperly antibodies directed against negatively charged
phospholipids like Cardiolipina (CL), Phosphatidyl serine
(PS) Phosphatidyl inositol (PI) and phosphatidic acid (PA);
more correctly the term anti-phospholipid antibodies
indicates those antibodies directed against the complex
between β2GPI and anionic phospholipids that can bind to
the fifth domain of β2GPI. Among these, the Cardiolipina is
the most commonly used phospholipid as an antigen for
determining the aPL by ELISA method. Diagnostic
laboratories measure the antibodies directed against the
complex between β2GPI and negatively charged
phospholipids, as Phosphatidyl serine (PS) Phosphatidyl
inositol (PI) and phosphatidic acid (PA). Some researchers
suggest the use of PS instead of Cardiolipina in ELISA
assays, for a more precise diagnosis. However, these
antibodies against phospholipids are less commonly used,
even if their use may increase the clinical sensitivity of
patient samples with suspected

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